Parashat Toldot
Printable VersionBelow the Tip of the Iceberg
My friend, who is a therapist, has a picture of a
beautiful glacier in her office. As awesome as it is to gaze at the sparkling
ice reflecting rays of sunbeams against the blueness of the sea, we cannot even
imagine all the hidden beauty of the glacier concealed below the water. Hence,
we only see the tip of the iceberg. Whereas Freud used the analogy of
an iceberg to describe his theory of levels of human consciousness,
for me, the glacier is a symbol of our quest to uncover the hidden layers below
the surface. These layers are multidimensional. They exist in the realm where
the Creator is discovered within His creation, by delving into the inner
dimensions of the Torah, and getting in touch with repressed layers of our own
psyche. We live in time of great disconnection. Being disconnected from the
inner layers of our being causes mental health issues. Even before COVID-19,
the prevalence of mental illness among adults was increasing. In 2017-2018, 19%
of American adults experienced mental illness – an increase of 1.5 million
people from the prior year. Now, when traveling in the dimension of space is
limited, it is the time to travel inward within the dimensions of soul, in
order to reconnect its dispersed fragments. The work of redeeming our lost
selves from their spiritual exile was the lifework of our fathers, who are
known for digging wells. Beyond the metaphor of the glacier, representing the
unconscious and subconscious dimensions of our psyche, the notion of digging
wells is about the work of digging deeply within, probing the inner recesses of
our heart and soul, to reveal our divine spark. We all contain multiple layers.
There is the surface layer as well as subconscious and super conscious levels
of our character. Whereas, we may seem perfectly all right on the surface, we
need to go through the layers of mud, rocks and pebbles – to the source of our
concealed shadow sides – hidden below the surface. Beyond our unconscious
shadow sides – our super consciousness – the very core of our souls is even
more deeply embedded within our psyche. Through the self-disciplinary quality
of gevurah, our well-digging father Yitzchak was the most qualified to see that
core, and not just know of its existence. The
word בְּאֵר /be’er
– ‘well’ is associated with the unknown deep – to delve into the most
profound and mysterious. We all inherited the need to dig, to go deeply within
ourselves, discovering and reclaiming the lost fragments of our selves.
Three Wells
Corresponding to Three Dimensions of Our Soul
בראשית פרק כו פסוק
יח וַיָּשָׁב יִצְחָק וַיַּחְפֹּר אֶת בְּאֵרֹת הַמַּיִם אֲשֶׁר חָפְרוּ
בִּימֵי אַבְרָהָם אָבִיו וַיְסַתְּמוּם פְּלִשְׁתִּים אַחֲרֵי מוֹת אַבְרָהָם
וַיִּקְרָא לָהֶן שֵׁמוֹת כַּשֵּׁמֹת אֲשֶׁר קָרָא לָהֶן אָבִיו: (יט)
וַיַּחְפְּרוּ עַבְדֵי יִצְחָק בַּנָּחַל וַיִּמְצְאוּ שָׁם בְּאֵר מַיִם חַיִּים: (כ) וַיָּרִיבוּ
רֹעֵי גְרָר עִם רֹעֵי יִצְחָק לֵאמֹר לָנוּ הַמָּיִם וַיִּקְרָא שֵׁם הַבְּאֵר
עֵשֶׂק כִּי הִתְעַשְּׂקוּ עִמּוֹ: (כא) וַיַּחְפְּרוּ
בְּאֵר אַחֶרֶת וַיָּרִיבוּ גַּם עָלֶיהָ וַיִּקְרָא שְׁמָהּ שִׂטְנָה: (כב) וַיַּעְתֵּק
מִשָּׁם וַיַּחְפֹּר בְּאֵר אַחֶרֶת וְלֹא רָבוּ עָלֶיהָ וַיִּקְרָא שְׁמָהּ רְחֹבוֹת וַיֹּאמֶר כִּי עַתָּה הִרְחִיב הָשֵׁם לָנוּ
וּפָרִינוּ בָאָרֶץ:
“Yitzchak
dug again the wells of water, which they had dug in the days of Avraham his
father; for the Philistines had stopped them up after the death of Avraham; and
he gave them names like the names that his father had given them. Then
Yitzchak’s servants dug in the valley, and they found there a well of living
waters. Then the shepherds of Gerar quarreled with Yitzchak’s shepherds,
saying, ‘The water is ours;’ so he named the well Esek, because they had
contended with him. And they dug another well, and they quarreled about it also;
so, he named it Sitnah. And he removed away from there, and dug another well, and they
did not quarrel over it; so he called it Rechovot; and he said, ‘For now Hashem
has made room for us, and we shall be fruitful in the land’” (Bereishit
26:18-22).
The three wells that Yitzchak
dug seem to fit in well with Freud’s theory of the three levels of the human
psyche: Id, Ego and the Super-ego. According to Freud, the id is the primitive
and instinctual part of the mind that contains sexual and aggressive drives and
hidden memories. The super-ego operates as a moral conscience, while the ego is
the realistic part that mediates between the desires of the id and the
super-ego. Without being well-versed in the teachings of Freud, or any other
school of psychology, I would venture to claim that this theory only remotely
resembles the Torah’s teachings on the levels of the soul. The Jewish soul
consists of three main levels: Nefesh, the Animal Soul, loosely corresponding
to the ego; Ruach, the emotional soul, and Neshama, the Divine Soul. Whereas,
the Nefesh is concerned with survival, Ruach can be jealous, angry or depressed
on the one hand, while also being the source of intuition, higher consciousness
and the divine inspiration of Ruach Hakodesh on the other. The next level,
Neshama, has the ability to tune into the divine spiritual light to a much
greater extent than the previous levels, automatically arousing the refined
emotions of love and awe. Yitzchak called the first well עֵשֶׂק/Esek which means strife or
contention, but which can also mean being occupied, and as a noun it refers to
business. These meanings correspond well to the lowest level of Nefesh, mainly
concerned with physical survival, making money, and being successful in the
world. The second well, שִׂטְנָה/Sitnah meaning ‘hatred,’ could correspond to the second
level of ruach, which includes negative emotions. However, the last well called
רְחֹבוֹת/Rechovot
– ‘expansion,’ over which there was no strife corresponds to the Neshama. In
this level of soul, there is only goodness, for the impure shells are unable to
attach to the level of Neshama.
The Process of Moving from Constricted to
Expansive Consciousness
The purpose of Yitzchak in digging wells was to
reveal the living waters, which exist below the ground, and to bring it up to
the surface. The purpose is not to make water flow into the wells from another
source; but only to reveal the living waters, which already exist within the
wells themselves. These wells, on their own, retain the living waters, but it
is covered up and blocked. When we remove the dirt, mud and pebbles, the living
water is revealed. This teaches us about his spiritual work – to remove all the
veils of the physical world and transform it into a vessel for Divinity. Like
the living waters themselves, which rise up from below, he strove to raise it
up from below to above (Rabbi Schneerson the last Lubavitcher Rebbe, Parashat
Vayera 12). The reason a secular Jew, who embraces the Torah lifestyle is
called Master of Return, is that rather than changing his way, he uncovers and
returns to the truth, which was always there below the surface. When I returned
to Torah in 1980, every
new Torah idea, which I learned, seemed so familiar- as if I had known it
before. It reverberated like Deja Vu, and that is how I knew it to be
true. I was relearning something which was already part of myself. It had been
taught to me even before I was born. It was buried deeply within my being and
covered up by my secular upbringing, the Western culture, and my own
inclination to separate myself from G-d. Besides the natural covering of the
living waters, Yitzchak also had to deal with the negative forces that tried to
prevent the holy work of digging the wells. Although the herdsmen of Avimelech
chased Yitzchak’s herdsmen away and shut up the wells, Yitzchak was not
discouraged but continued to dig the wells until he succeeded in separating and
raising the sparks from their shells. This process of moving from constricted
to expansive consciousness Yitzchak coined “Rechovot.”
The Wells and
the Temples
The wells describe humanity’s
encounter with the Torah outlook introduced by Avraham, promoted by Yitzchak
and embodied in the Torah given to the Israelites. The blocking of the wells
symbolizes covering up this true universal Torah with pagan doctrines. With
enough persistence, the descendants of Yitzchak inherited his ability to
triumph over resistance and antagonism against the truth of the Torah. When the
Philistines could no longer deny the evidence of Yitzchak’s special
relationship with Hashem, they were compelled to stop contending with him.
Their prior banishment and rejection were suddenly replaced by acceptance and
admiration. Yitzchak chose the names of the wells to instill emunah, by
recalling how the precise moment of Hashem’s deliverance is unknown, yet His
eternal covenant will eventually be fulfilled. Yitzchak’s experiences are a
harbinger of the future. The three wells dug by Yitzchak refer to the three Holy
Temples. The first and second temples were opposed by the nations of the world
and eventually destroyed by the enemies. Nonetheless, the final well represents
the future and final Beit HaMikdash – the holy Temple with the adjacent
Sanhedrin, the highest court of the nation, from where justice and morality
will emanate (Ramban, Bereishit 18:22). The third Temple will illuminate
the world with true enlightenment. It will be accepted by all nations as a
place for universal worship of Hashem – the one and only G-d. This final Temple
will even be embraced and acknowledged by the very peoples who destroyed its
predecessors (based on Destination Yisra’el A Blog for the Lost Ten
Tribers Awakening to their New Reality).
Finding Your
Soulmate at the Well
Three people met their soulmate at the well: Yitzchak, Ya’acov and
Moshe. Yitzchak, as it states: “Then Yitzchak came from the way of B’er
Lechai Roi” (Bereishit 24:62). Ya’acov, as it states: “He saw,
and behold a well in the field etc.” (Bereishit 29:2), and Moshe, as
it states: “He sat down by the well” (Shemot 2:15); (Midrash
Tanchuma Shemot 10).
Many have pondered, why so
many of the Biblical characters met their soulmate at the well? Water never
comes alone. It is a substance wherein each drop cleaves to the other. In
Hebrew, the word מַיִם/mayim
– ‘waters’ is always plural. Through water, you can bind two substances
together. It is, therefore, not surprising that it was at the well that Avraham
made a covenant with Avimelech (Bereishit 21:27), and it was at the well
that many soulmates met and made the covenant of marriage. The process of
drawing out the water from within the depths of the well can be compared to the
process of marriage. When two soulmates merge to become one, it is like two
halves becoming whole, for they both draw out the hidden potential within each
other. The well is a receptacle for water which symbolizes Torah. Intellectual
Torah learning is not complete. To really make a commitment to Torah life, we
must create a receptacle – a home in which Torah can flourish. Marriage enables
a person to carry out Torah to its fullest. As we have learned, the well also
represents the hidden layers of our psyche. When we have dug down deeply within
our hidden selves and reclaimed our repressed fragments, we can heal and
reconnect with our whole selves. Only when – through this process – we have
become who we truly are, can we merge with our other half. By persistently
digging down beyond the iceberg of our psyche, we might end up finding our
soulmate at the well!
The Well of
Miriam
The well, which is deep and
mysterious, symbolizes the woman. It is the feminine emunah that flows from the
divine source and nourishes us with the sparkling drops of the Shechina. Hence
the well from which the Israelites satiated their thirst in the desert,
appeared through the merit of a women: Miriam. When Miriam died, the well of
water ceased, and the clear connection with the Divine flow from above became
obscured. Complete emunah was necessary to reconnect with the source of life –
the Shechina embodied within the Torah. This emunah had to be expressed by our
subtle effort of allowing G-d’s Divine influence to flow without employing too
much force. This is the female power of being fluid like water, in a perpetual
life-giving stream. The progression of the Oral Torah corresponds to the
lifegiving water of the well. Each generation must add new vessels to bring the
water down deeper into reality. The further removed from the source, the more
subtle is the adjustment. Moshe, hitting the rock with harsh masculine strokes,
instead of talking to it, missed uncovering G-d’s miraculous supervision, and
lost this opportunity to sanctify Hashem. The emotion associated with too much
human intervention is anger, aggression and force. The tikkun (rectification)
is song, as Maharal explained. “Therefore, Israel sang this song, Spring up O
well; sing to it…” (Bamidbar 21:16-18). They sang like Miriam at the
splitting of the sea. Through song we become sensitized to work with the Divine
flow via completely pure faith, taught by the holy women of Israel.
Never Stop
Digging Deep!
“With joy you will draw water from the wells of salvation” (Yesha’yahu
12:3).
Divine
salvation is a self-deriving well. The more we draw from it, the more it is
refilled by the flow of new waters. But how do we become like a nursing baby,
enabling the flow of renewed milk in the ‘breasts’ of the Shechina? We must
keep digging like Yitzchak, with steadfast emunah that below the mud, pebbles
and sand of Western culture, we will eventually uncover the living waters of
our Creator. This way we will reveal the truth of the Torah and the innermost
dimension of our soul. Even within the furthest exile, there are hidden sparks,
which need to be brought home. We have spiritual wells within us from
which we need to keep drawing. Wells imply digging; they imply depth.
Sometimes, we need to dig deep to get to the truths of G-d and integrate them
into our lives. This can take on various forms, such as digging into Torah
learning, spending time in prayer and hitbodedut, meditating on Hashem’s
love and on getting in touch with deeper layers of our soul, walking in close
relationship with holy people and friends, and cultivating a prayerful
lifestyle. There is no one formula. Rather, we learn how to dig as we walk in
the way of the Torah. When our wells get blocked, we need to allow Hashem to
restore them so we can drink from the living waters. Let us continually ask
Hashem if there are wells in our life that need to be unblocked. When we yearn,
seek and pray for it, He will grant us life, Torah and healing!
